Drying and burning brscks



(No Model.)

P. LICHTENSTADT.

DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS.

No. 325,680. Patented Sept. 8, 1885 Fig.6.

Fig.1.

WITNESSES:

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IIIILII IJIGIITENSTADT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DRYING AND BURNING BRlCKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 325,680, datedSeptember 8, 1885.

(No model.)

To (ZZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PHILIP LICHTENSTADT,

residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, and acitizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful.Improvement in Drying and Burning Bricks, of which the following is afull description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich I Figure 1 is a top or plan view with a part broken off. Fig. 2 isa vertical cross-section on line :0 m of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is an elevationpartly broken off at one side. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinalsection, also broken off. Fig. 5 is a crosssction, and Fig. 6 is alongitudinal section, of a retort or exterior fireplace.

Herctofore bricks made of wet, plastic, or tempered clay have beenplaced on boards or prepared beds for drying before being placed in thekiln for burning in the ordinary manufacture of bricks. This methodrequires much room, with a second handling of the bricks, and it alsoinvolves the necessity of fair weather and shelter-covers, which limitsordinary brickunaking to a few months-about five in this locality.

The object of my invention is to overcome these difficulties, and toenable ordinarybrickmaking to be carried on regardless of the weatherand for nearly the entire year; and its nature consists in the method orprocess of placing green or plastic bricks in the kiln as they areformed, and drying them in place and in position for burning, ashereinafter described and claimed as new.

In the drawings, A indicates the outer wall or covering of clay andrefuse burned bricks, commonly called the scovingfi B, bricks in place;0, horizontal lines or passages through the bricks; D, loose bricks,forming covers to the exterior furnaces or fire-places; E, exterior oroutside furnaces or fire-places or heatgenerators; F, ordinaryfireholes; G, grates; H, ground'flues with which the exterior furnacesor other source of heat are connected; I, bricks or other supports forthe grates; a, a a and a, upper limits for each days work; 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5, sections or strata added by successive days work.

The walls A may be made in any well-known way, and the fines (3 arebrought through them,

as shown in Fig. 5, for the purpose of forming air or vent holes topermit of the escape of the steam or moisture from the drying bricks.

The fiue-holes and passages G H may be made in the usual manner. At oneof the outer ends of each of the ground-fines II, I place a furnacecomposed of walls E, gratebars G, and a removable cover, D, and throughthe opening covered by the bricks D fuel is fed into the furnace.

In filling the kiln the bricks are taken from the molds as they areformed and placed in the kiln in regular courses, with sides and endsalternating, as shown in Fig. 4, but leaving lines or passages 0 open asoften as every seventh course, more or less, as each days work mayaverage. Cross-fines, if desired, may be formed between them. After thefireholes F and fines H are properly covered fires are started in thefurnaces E, and maintained with sufficient vigor to dry the bricks foreach days work before commencing the next day, but not too high to crackthem, and by keeping the fires running nights the bricks becomesufficiently dried to maintain eachsuccessive days product withoutcrushing or changing the form of those below.

Then the kiln is filled and covered, the fines O are stepped up at theirends, and the bricks are burned in the usual manner, and as the dryingprogresses the lower ones may be stepped up or plugged as the successivestrata or sections become sufficiently dried.

As the drying heat is maintained continuously during the progress offilling or constructing the kiln, the section or stratum 1 will besufficiently dried by morning to sustain the section or stratum 2 formedby the next days operations. By the third day section 1 will have twodays drying, and will thus be in condition to sustain the weight of thethird days operations, or stratum 3, and so on until the kiln iscompleted or filled, which will give for the the strata shown four daysdrying for 1, three and one-half for 2, two and one-half for 3, one andone-half for 4, 850., which I have found to be sufficient, it beingunderstood that the kilns are to be sufficiently large or sufficient innumber to avoid piling the green or wet bricks beyond twelve courses ofbricks for each days stratum or section.

In the described mode of utilizing my im- ICO proved method or process Ihave carried it out with kilns having the scoving or walls A made as thework progresses; but it may be carried out with or in permanent kilns,and instead of wood or coal fires, gas or oil may be used with properapparatus, and steam may in some circumstances be used for maintainingthe required drying heat.

' Ordinarily fires in the fire-holes F will be sufficient for dryingpurposes, but in cold or wet weather the grates E or fines H may be usedfor drying as well as burning. In case the molded bricks are very wet orsoft less than twelve courses should be placed for each day.

